Take the quiz

 

Three hours of CME credit are available for this module.  If you have already registered, click on take the quiz and enter your username and password.  If you have not already registered, click here.  The $35 fee for this activity covers all four modules and a total of eight credits.  You can read more about this activity, including ACCME-required information, here.

References

  1. Cancer Facts & Figures 2007. Atlanta: American Cancer Society, 2007.
  2. Bandura A. Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review 1977, 84(2): 191-215.
  3. Rosenstock IM. The health belief model: Explaining health behavior through expectancies. In: Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory Research and Practice. San Francisco: Jossey-BassPublishers, 1990: 39-62.
  4. Ransohoff DF and Sandler RS. Screening for colorectal cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 2002, 346(1): 40-44.
  5. Perry CL, Baranowski T, Parcel GS. How individuals, environments, and health behavior interact: Social learning theory. In: Health Behavior and Health Education Theory Research and Practice. San Francisco: Jossey-BassPublishers, 1990:161-186.
  6. Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC, Norcross. In search of how people change: Applications to addictive behaviors. American Psychologist 1992, 47(9): 1102-1114.
  7. Duffy FD, Goldstein MG. Counseling for Behavior Change. Philadelphia: ACP-ASIM, 2000: 14
  8. Weinstein ND. The precaution adoption process. Health Psychology 1988, 7(4): 355-386.
  9. Beck RS, Daughtridge R, Sloane PD. Physician-patient communication in the primary care office: A Systematic Review. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice 2002,15: 25–38.
  10. Groopman JE, Kunkel EJ, Platt FW, et al. Enhancing your practice: sharing decision making with patients. Patient Care 2001,7:21-35.
  11. Elwyn G, Edwards A, Gwyn R, et al. Towards a feasible model for shared decision making: Focus group study with general practice registrars. British Medical Journal 1999, 319: 753-756.
  12. Bond J. Colorectal cancer update: Prevention, screening, treatment, and surveillance for high-risk groups. Medical Clinics of North America 2000, 84(5): 1163-82.
  13. Prevention of Colon Cancer in the United States. In: Harvard Report on Cancer Prevention.  Cancer Causes and Control 1999, 10:167-180.
  14. CDC. Reducing the health consequences of smoking: 25 years of progress--a report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, Maryland: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 1989; DHHS publication no. (CDC) 89-8411.
  15. Gordis L. Epidemiology. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders Company, 1996: 141.
  16. Mandel JS, Bond JH, Church TR, et al. Reducing mortality from colorectal cancer by screening for fecal occult blood. New England Journal of Medicine 1993, 328:1365-1371.
  17. Winawer SJ, Zauber AG, Ho MN, et al. Prevention of colorectal cancer by colonoscopic polypectomy. The National Polyp Study Workgroup. New England Journal of Medicine 1993, 329:1997-81.
  18. Winawer S, Fletcher R, Rex D, et al. American Gastroenterological Association:  Colorectal cancer screening and surveillance: Clinical guidelines and rationale-Update based on new evidence. Gastroenterology 2003, 124: 544-560.
  19. Feldman: Sleisenger & Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, 8th ed., Copyright © 2006 Saunders, An Imprint of Elsevier
  20. Colorectal Cancer (PDQ®): Prevention: Evidence of Benefit, National Cancer Institute, U.S. National Institutes of Health.  Online at http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/prevention/colorectal/HealthProfe... Last updated 01/04/07, accessed 2/19/07.
  21. Chao A, et al.  Meat consumption and risk of colorectal cancer. JAMA.2005;293:172-182.
  22. Norat T, et al.  Meat, fish, and colorectal cancer risk: the European prospective investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.  Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2005; 97(12):906-916.
  23. Zhang SM, et al.  Folate, Vitamin B6, multivitamin supplements, and colorectal cancer risk in women.  American Journal of Epidemiology.  2006;163(2):108-15.
  24. Giovannucci E, et al.  Multivitamin use, folate, and colon cancer in women in the Nurses' Health Study.  Annals of Internal Medicine.  1998; 129(7):517-524.
  25. Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Simonetti RG, Gluud C.  Antioxidant supplements for prevention of gastrointestinal cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.  The Lancet.  2004;364(9441):1219-1228.
  26. Grodstein F, Newcomb PA, Stampfer MJ.  Postmenopausal hormone therapy and the risk of colorectal cancer: a review and meta-analysis.  Am J Med.  1999 May;106(5):574-82. 
  27. Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, et al. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;288:321-333.
  28. Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Simonetti RG, et al.: Antioxidant supplements for prevention of gastrointestinal cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 364 (9441): 1219-28, 2004.
  29. Weingarten MA, Zalmanovici A, Yaphe J. Dietary calcium supplementation for preventing colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps.  Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD003548. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003548.pub3.
  30. Wactawski-Wende J, et al.  Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of colorectal cancer.  New England Journal of Medicine.  Feb 16 2006;354(7):684-96.
  31. Grau MV, et al.  Prolonged effect of calcium supplementation on risk of colorectal adenomas in a randomized trial.  Journal of the National Cancer Institute.  Jan 17 2007; 99(2):129-136.
  32. Cancer Facts and Figures, 2001.  Atlanta: American Cancer Society, 2001.
  33. Beresford SA, et al. Low-Fat Dietary Pattern and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: The Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial.  JAMA 2006; 295(6):643
  34. Dubé C, et al.  The Use of Aspirin for Primary Prevention of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review Prepared for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force [Clinical Guidelines].  Annals of Internal Medicine.  March 6 2007; 146(5):365-37
  35. Loftus EV.  Epidemiology and risk factors for colorectal dysplasia and cancer in ulcerative colitis.  Gastroenterology Clinics of North America.  2006;35:517-531.
  36. Friedman S.  Cancer in Crohn's disease.  Gastroenterology Clinics of North America.  2006;35:621-639.
  37. Cancer Facts and Figures for African Americans, 2007-2008.  Atlanta: American Cancer Society, 2007.
  38. Cancer Prevention and Early Detection Facts and Figures, 2007.  Atlanta: American Cancer Society, 2007.
  39. Adults who engaged in no physical activity in prior month.  2005 BRFSS data, Nationwide (States and D.C.), CDC web site, accessed athttp://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/brfss/race.asp?cat=EX&yr=2005&qkey=4347&state=UB on April 11, 2007.
  40. Adults who are current smokers.  2005 BRFSS data, Nationwide (States and D.C.), CDC web site, accessed at http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/brfss/race.asp?cat=TU&yr=2005&qkey=4396&state=UB on April 11, 2007.
  41. Beeker C, Kraft JM, Southwell BG, et al.  Colorectal cancer screening in older men and women: qualitative research findings and implications for intervention.  Journal of Community Health.  2000;25:263-78.
  42. Brouse CH, Basch CE, Worlf RL, et al.  Barriers to colorectal cancer screening with fecal occult blood testing in a predominantly minority urban population: a qualitative study.  American Journal of Public Health.  2003;98(3)1268-71.
  43. Winawer SJ, Zauber AG, O’Brien MJ, et al.  Randomized comparison of surveillance intervals after colonoscopic removal of newly diagnosed adenomatous polyps.  New England Journal of Medicine.  1993; 328(13):901-906.
  44. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2004, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD.  Accessed online March 25, 2008 at http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2004.

  45. Cancer Facts & Figures 2008.  Atlanta: American Cancer Society, 2008. 

 

 

< previous 
Module II - Table of Contents
Page 22
Last updated by Webmaster on August 27, 2009

© 2007 Stony Brook University Medical Center
http://www.stonybrookmedicalcenter.org/
East Loop Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794
631-444-4000

For technical questions, contact the Webmaster.